Objective: The purpose of this study was to modify the PKSE to include running.

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Methods: Four subjects (3 female, 1 male) participated in this test. The subjects walked at a constant 1.112 m/s pace on a level treadmill for 5 minutes, then increased their pace to 1.56 m/s for 3 minutes, then increased their pace to 2.24 m/s for 3 minutes, then increased their pace to 2.68 m/s for 3 minutes, then a 5 minute cool down at 1.112 m/s. The heart rate, respiration rate, and VO2 were measured using Cosmed. We normalized the energy expenditure by the body mass. VO2 was converted to watts and normalized by body mass.

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Results and Discussion: This particular iteration is quite strong (R2 = 0.95). We tested the model using data from the pilot study. The results are tabulated in table 1. In general, the model tends to underpredict, but the data are generally within 8 percent.